Showing 54 results

People and organizations
Ahousaht Residential School
Corporate body · 1895 –1916, 1918–1940

Ahousaht Residential School was located just south of Marktosis #15, of the Ahousaht First Nation, on the southeast end of Flores Island on the western shore of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The Presbyterian Church in Canada operated a day school/informal boarding school on the site from 1895-1904. From 1904-1925 it was a residential school; funded by the Government of Canada and operated/managed by the Woman’s Missionary Society of The Presbyterian Church in Canada. In 1925 the management and operation was transferred to the the Board of Home Missions of The United Church of Canada until the school was officially closed in January, 1940.

Alberni Residential School
Corporate body · 1892–1899, 1900–1966, 1967–1973

Alberni Residential School was located on the west bank of the Somass River, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, just south of the Tseshaht Reserve and about four kilometres north of Port Alberni. It was operated by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and after 1925 The Woman's Missionary Society of The United Church of Canada. A day school first opened at the site under Missionary Rev. J.A. MacDonald of the Presbyterian Church in Canada in 1891. Soon, with the support of the government the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church opened a larger boarding home called Alberni Girls' Home to operate alongside the day school until 1899. Then, the Alberni Residential School opened in 1900. The United Church of Canada took over operations in 1925, and the school remained open until 1966. The Alberni Student Residence operated there from 1967-1973, with the Government of Canada taking over full responsibility in 1969.

Corporate body · 1890-1917

All Hallows' Residential School was a boarding school for girls (Indigenous and non-Indigenous), located in Yale, British Columbia. It was established in 1890 and operated by the Anglican Church in Canada with initial staffing coming from the Sisters of the Community of All Hallows in Norfolk, England. The school was closed in 1917 and the students transferred to the Residential School at Lytton.

Bella Bella Day School
Corporate body · [1880]-1883-September 1, 1976

Bella Bella Day School was located in Bella Bella, on Campbell Island, British Columbia. It was operated by the Wesleyan Methodist Church, then, after 1925 The United Church of Canada. In 1883 the Wesleyan Methodists sent an application for school aid to the Department of Indian Affairs for "BellaBella" and in 1885 grants were authorized for Bella Bella Day School. In 1891, records note that the day school still received a grant paid through the Methodist Society in Toronto. Around 1904 a new school building was constructed, and there are reports of staffing, funding and renovations up until 1963. Government records indicate the school closed in 1976. Further research is required to find more information about the operation and general history of the school.

Bella Coola Day School
Corporate body · October 1, 1902-June 30, 1957

Bella Coola Day School was located in Bella Coola, British Columbia. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925, The United Church of Canada . Department of Indian Affairs records show that as of 1902, Bella Coola had a church and a day school under The Methodist Church of Canada. In 1911, a new schoolhouse was built on the north side of the river where most of band resided. Although there is little information on the school after this period, it appears to have been regularly open for the next 30 years. United Church records indicate a second classroom was added in the 1940s. By September, 1962 there was a new two-storey school building at Bella Coola though it is unclear whether this was related to the day school as Government records suggest the school closed in 1957. Further research is needed to confirm when the school closed, and its general history.

Berens River Day School
Corporate body · [1876]-,1901-September 1, 1967

Berens River Day School was located in Berens River, Manitoba. It was operated by the Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 by The United Church of Canada. In 1874, the Department of Indian Affairs approved an annual grant for a Wesleyan Methodist school at Berens River. By 1878 records indicate there were around 10 children under the teacher, John Semmens although there was no schoolhouse. Methodist Church of Canada correspondence from 1882 suggests that a schoolhouse was eventually built but parents were unhappy as it was not in a central location. In 1885, a government Indian Agent criticized the Methodist-run school as a complete failure. Another more substantial school was built in 1888, still managed by the Methodist Society, and later, it appears a Government-run school was also built. There are unfavourable reports of the school in church records in 1897, and 1906. Reports continue throughout the 1920s and 30s. By at least 1938 there was a new United Church Day School building on the reserve. Little is known about the Day School during the 1940s, but reports written in 1954 and 1958 indicate there were 2 day schools at Berens River one staffed by United Church and and another by the Roman Catholics. The United Church-run school was referred to as Berens River No. 002. The Day School(s) closed in 1967. Further research is required to learn more information about the operation and general history of the school.

Birtle Residential School
Corporate body · 1888-1970

Birtle Residential School was first located in approximately half a mile north of Birtle, Manitoba, then later relocated to the town of Birtle. It was funded by the Government of Canada and operated by the Presbyterian Church in Canada. It opened as a day school in 1883 and was converted to a boarding school in 1888. The school closed in 1970.

Brandon Residential School
Corporate body · 1895-1972

Brandon Residential School was located in the municipality of Cornwallis, in southern Manitoba, five kilometres northwest of Brandon, on the north bank of the Assiniboine River. The Board of Missions of The Methodist Church of Canada operated the school from 1895 until it was transferred to the Board of Home Missions of The United Church of Canada in 1925. In 1969 the Department of Indian Affairs assumed management (then a residence only) and turned it over to the Roman Catholic Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate until its closure in 1972.

Person · 1880-1956

J.G. Brown was born September 6, 1880 in Lakefield, Ontario. He received his university and theological education in Toronto at Victoria College. He was ordained by the Bay of Quinte Conference of the Methodist Church in 1908. After a few years in pastoral work in Ontario, he came to British Columbia in 1912 and ministered at Enderby and Vancouver (including Turner Institute, Ryerson, and Kitsilano Methodist congregations). He was appointed Principal of the newly chartered Ryerson Theological College in 1923. When, in 1927, Ryerson College and Westminster Hall were merged (following church union), Brown became the first Principal of Union College of British Columbia, affiliated with UBC. Under his administration, the main Union College buildings on campus were erected. He had the task of guiding the College through the Depression and then through World War II. Principal Brown also served as President of BC Conference of The United Church of Canada, 1936-1937. After his retirement in 1948, he lived for three years in Oxford, England, until his return to British Columbia, where he assumed the pastorate of the Church of Our Lord in Victoria. J.G. Brown died October 15, 1956.

Cariboo Residential School
Corporate body · 1891-07-19 - 1981-06-30

Cariboo Residential School was located southwest of Williams Lake, halfway between Quesnel and Kamloops on the BC Interior. It was funded by The Government of Canada and operated by the Roman Catholic Church from July 1891-March 31, 1969. From April 1, 1969-June 1981, the federal government managed and operated the school.

Corporate body · 1902-1976

Cecilia Jeffrey Residential School was initially located on the west side of Shoal Lake, Ontario, near the Manitoba border and just east of Shoal Lake Reserve No. 40. It operated at this site from 1901-1929. The second site was located on land surrounding Round Lake, 3 miles from the town of Kenora where it operated until 1976. The school was funded by the Government of Canada and operated by the Foreign Mission Committee of the Presbyterian Church in Canada until 1969 when management and operation of the school was transferred to the federal government.

Chan, Phoebe, 1867-1952
Person · 1867-1952

Phoebe Chan came to Canada in about 1900 to join her brother, Rev. Yu Tan Chan, who served as lay preacher at the Chinese Methodist Church in Vancouver. Because of her experience in a mission school in China, she was engaged by the Woman's Missionary Society as Kindergarten Assistant and Bible Teacher at the church. She spent about 35 years teaching and providing pastoral care within the Chinese community, through the Methodist and United Churches. Following an accident in about 1942, Phoebe Chan retired as kindergarten teacher at the age of 72. She died in 1953, in her 84th year.

Chemong Day School
Corporate body · 1906-[1920]

Chemong Day School was located on what is now Curve Lake First Nation, along Mud Lake in Ontario. It was operated by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada. Wesleyan Methodist records indicate that the school was operational in 1906, and in 1909 the Department of Indian Affairs gave permission to the Methodist Missionary Society to provide a qualified teacher. Records indicate the school was open as late as 1920, however, further research is required to confirm details about its operation, and opening and closure dates and general history.

Corporate body · 1886–1894, 1894–1940

The Coqualeetza Industrial Institute, also referred to as Coqualeetza Residential School was located on the shores of Luckakuck Creek in Sardis, British Columbia, about five kilometres south of Chilliwack in the traditional territory of Skowkale First Nation. It was operated by the Woman's Missionary Society and the General Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 the Board of Home Missions of the United Church of Canada. It was first founded as a day school in 1884 by Missionary Charles M. Tate and his wife, Caroline. Two years later, they began boarding some students in the mission house, first at their own cost and later with the support of the federal government and the Woman's Missionary Society (WMS). In 1888, the WMS built a residential school named the Coqualeetza Home, which continued to operated until it burned down in 1891. With some help from the federal government, the school was rebuilt and opened as the Coqualeetza Industrial Institute in 1894. In 1900, the General Board of Missions took over from the WMS. In 1924 the federal government built a new building to accommodate 200 pupils, which opened in October. In 1925, The United Church of Canada took over operations. In 1939 the Institute closed, and afterward the building became the Coqualeetza Sanitorium under the management of the federal government. It was partially destroyed by fire in 1948, with a new building being completed in 1956.

Cote Day School
Corporate body · [1917]-[196-]

Cote Day School was located on a reserve, two miles north of Kamsack, Saskatchewan. It was operated by The Presbyterian Church in Canada, and later, The United Church of Canada. Department of Indian Affairs records list "Cote Improved Day School" was opened in 1916 by The Presbyterian Church in Canada as a replacement for its Crowstand Residential School. During the 1920s some students boarded at the day school. After 1925 and throughout the 1930-50s operations continued under the Woman's Missionary Society of The United Church of Canada . In 1950 a new day school was opened on the reserve, and at this point records began referring to schools No. 1 and No. 2. The No. 2 school was likely called "Hillside School." In 1954 a third school opened in the area, across the Assiniboine River. Government records indicate that the two schools affiliated with The United Church closed in 1963, and 1979. Further research is required to confirm the closure dates of the school(s), more information about the operation and general history of the school(s).

Cross Lake Day School
Corporate body · 1901-September 1, 1969

Cross Lake Day School was located at Cross Lake, Manitoba. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada. A report from the Department of Indian Affairs indicates that in 1882-3 a school was being built, with students being taught in a local home for the time being. In 1892 the school was listed in government records as Methodist, prior to that it had been labelled "government." The school was closed temporarily in 1901 for the construction of a new building, and after that, it was still operational until the 1940s. By 1938 the Department planned to build a "new improved Day School" at Cross Lake which would function as both a day school and residential school. It is unclear if this was completed, but in 1943 Church officials accepted an offer from the Department to convert a large warehouse into a day school. A church report in 1954 indicated that there were two United Church and one Roman Catholic school in operation at Cross Lake. A 1963 report lists an additional school, and a 1966 report indicates four United Church affiliated classrooms at Cross Lake. Government records suggest the United Church-run school was closed in 1969 (or perhaps transferred to another denomination). Further research is required to learn more about the operation of the schools and their general history.

Duck Lake Boarding School
Corporate body · 1894-1996

In 1894 Roman Catholic missionaries established the Duck Lake boarding school north of Saskatoon in what is now Saskatchewan. A new school, which later became known as St. Michael’s, was constructed in 1949. In 1969 the federal government took over the administration of the school. In 1982, the school was turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. It was closed in 1996.

Edmonton Residential School
Corporate body · 1924–1966

Edmonton Residential School was located near the town of St. Albert, approximately 16 kilometres northwest of downtown Edmonton, Alberta. The school was opened in 1924 by the Woman's Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada, with some funding by the Department of Indian Affairs. In 1925 operation was transferred to The United Church of Canada who managed it until its closure in 1966.

Corporate body · 1889–1949

File Hills Residential School was located approximately 14 kilometres north of Balcarres, Saskatchewan, and 100 kilometres northeast of Regina, just outside the western boundary of the Okanese Reserve. The school began as a small day institution, opened by J.C. Richardson in 1884 on the Little Black Bear Reserve. It closed soon afterwards. In 1886, R. Toms reopened the day institution and it operated until 1889, when the Woman's Missionary Society with the support of the Foreign Mission Committee of The Presbyterian Church in Canada and the Department of Indian Affairs built a new institution just outside of the reserve’s boundaries. It was operated by The Presbyterian Church until 1924 when its operation was transferred to the United Church of Canada who managed it until its closure in 1949.

God's Lake Day School
Corporate body · September 1, 1922-September 1, 1929, June 10, 1931-September 1, 1968

God's Lake Day School was located at God's Lake Narrows, Manitoba. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 The United Church of Canada . The school first appears in government records in 1912, though it was often listed as a summer or seasonal school. This school closed in 1914 due to staffing issues. It reopened in 1920 and may have operated as a 'regular' school until the 1930s, when it again became a seasonal school. During this entire time, it appears there was no dedicated school building, though there may have been one built in 1924, and another in 1934. In 1943 church records show there were two schools on God's Lake Reserve, and in 1953 it appears a new day school was built. By the mid-1960s there was still a one-room school house on the reserve with most students having moved to residential schools by 1957. Government records suggest the school was open until 1968. Further research is required to confirm the closure dates, more information about the operation and general history of the school.

Goodfish Lake Day School
Corporate body · January 1, 1884-June 30, 1925, June 29, 1948-September 1, 1995

Goodfish Lake Day School was located at Goodfish Lake in Alberta. It was operated by the Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. According to Department of Indian Affairs records, a school was built in 1884, and opened in 1885. As of 1898, classes were being held in a nearby home as it was halfway between the school at Goodfish Lake, and the one at nearby Whitefish Lake. Records also indicate that there was a small boarding house for these students, supported by the Methodists. In 1908 Church and Department officials discussed opening a boarding school at Saddle Lake and closing the day schools at Whitefish, Goodfish and Saddle Lakes though it does not appear that it was built. Although the Whitefish Lake school was closed around 1910 and students sent to nearby Red Deer Industrial School, the school at Goodfish Lake stayed open until June, 1925. Little is known about the Goodfish Lake Day School after this time. In November of 1959, the Edmonton Journal reported on a “New Reserve School” called "Pakan Protestant School" at Goodfish, 30 miles west of St. Paul. Correspondence from 1966 noted that the Pakan School, otherwise known as the United Church school may have had a kindergarten class. Further research is required to confirm the closure dates, more information about the operation and general history of the school(s).

Hambley, Laura H., 1877-1951
Person · 1877-1951

Laura Hannah Hambley (1877-1951) was a Methodist and United Church of Canada missionary to West China, 1904-1943. Hambley was born on March 16, 1877 in Port Perry, Ontario. She graduated from the Toronto Normal School in 1896, and later attended the Methodist National Training School from 1903-1904. She had teaching experience in both Ontario and New York City before she was appointed by the Women's Missionary Society to Chengtu, West China in 1904. After Chinese language instruction, she taught at a middle school. Following that assignment she was relocated to a school in Jenshow (1908-1910). While on furlough in 1911, she travelled across Canada on a speaking tour promoting WMS work. Upon her return to China in 1912, she oversaw the planning and construction of the Tzeliutsing Girls' Middle School, where she taught until 1942. Illness caused her to return to Canada in 1943. She retired to Winnipeg, but continued to travel the country for speaking engagements. She died December 4, 1951.

Hartley Bay Day School
Corporate body · 1899-September 1, 1975

Hartley Bay Day School was located at Hartley Bay 4 or 4A, on the entrance of the Douglas Channel near Kitimaat, British Columbia. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. The school was opened in 1903 by The Methodist Church of Canada and held in a room of the mission house. During the time, Hartley Bay was essentially a winter village so the school was often closed during the warmer months. After 1907 the school was closed for almost six years, reopening in 1912 when a new schoolhouse was built. In 1913 the school was only open during the March quarter. Little more is known about the school but it appears to have been open until at least 1939. Church records from 1940 indicate that a new day school at Hartley Bay was planned for the following year, but it is unclear if it was ever built. Church correspondence shows that the school was open during the 1960s and 70s. Further research is required to confirm when the school closed, it's general history and operation.

Kitimaat Residential School
Corporate body · 1894–1898, 1899–1908, 1908–1941

The Elizabeth Long Memorial Home was located in Kitamaat Village, a reserve of the Haisla Nation, located near the head of Douglas Channel in northern British Columbia, some 120 kilometres southeast of Prince Rupert. From 1894-1898 an informal boarding school was operated on the site by missionaries of The Methodist Church of Canada. In 1899 the Woman's Missionary Society took the home over, and operated a Girls’ Home until 1908, followed by the Elizabeth Long Memorial Home until 1925. In 1925 operations were transferred to the Board of Home Missions of The United Church of Canada until its closure in 1941.

Klemtu Day School
Corporate body · September 1, 1903-June 30, 1919, October 1, 1921-September 1, 1957, September 1, 1958-August 30, 1979

Klemtu Day School was located at Klemtu (formerly known as China Hat Reserve), British Columbia. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. Department of Indian Affairs records first show a Methodist-run Day School at Klemtu in 1903. When the school first opened, it received no assistance from the Department and the schoolhouse was the property of the Church. At some point, the Department began to supply all the materials for the school. Like many day schools in the region, it was only kept open when enough families were on the reserve. The schoolhouse was inspected in March 1911 with only six children present as much of the village was away. There is little information on the Klemtu Day School after 1912, but records show it remained open until at least 1943 with an average daily attendance of around 10 children. In 1934, the schoolhouse at Klemtu was very run-down and described as “not worth the attempt” to repair. By the 1940s, the Church was still nominating teachers to the school. In April 1941, the Board of Home Missions asked the Department to build a teacherage at the “new school” at Klemtu. Little is known about the school after the 1940s, though Government records indicate it closed in 1979. Additional research is needed to learn about it's general history and operation.

Koksilah Day School
Corporate body · 1906-August 31, 1953

Koksilah Day School was located near Duncan, British Columbia. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada. Little is known about the history and operation of this school. Government records indicate it was open from 1906-August 31, 1953.

Corporate body · 1890-07-23 - 1975-06-30

Kuper Island Residential School was located on Penelakut Island (formerly Kuper Island) near the community of Chemainus, Vancouver Island. It was funded by The Government of Canada and operated by the Roman Catholic Church from 1890-1969. After 1969, the federal government took over administration of the school until it closed in 1975.

Lebret Residential School
Corporate body · 1884-1998

Lebret Residential School was located on the west edge of Lebret on the northern shore of Mission Lake east of Fort Qu'Appelle and approximately 80 km northeast of Regina. It operated from 1884 - 1998 (114 years) under the Roman Catholic church and officially closed on June 30, 1998.

Corporate body · 1908-

The Martha Wilson Memorial Bible Institute was established by Louise McCully, a missionary with the Presbyterian Church of Canada Foreign Missionary Society. Administration of the school was transferred to the Woman's Missionary Society of The United Church of Canada after union.

McKay, Donald
Person

Wii Haughtkm Skiik (Don McKay) is a survivor of Edmonton Residential School. He sued the United Church and the government of Canada for the abuse that he endured during 12 years at the institution. In 2005, an out-of-court settlement agreement was reached among all the parties. That settlement with Don included compensation and the provision that the United Church would host an apology feast in his house. Representatives of the Church and Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada offered apologies on behalf of The United Church of Canada and the Government of Canada. Among those present at the feast were members of the Indian Residential School Survivors Society, as well as other survivors of Residential Schools. In addition to the formal apology, the feast included a ceremonial retelling of Don’s story of being taken away to Residential School. The Church presented plaques to the community and gifts to Don, including a blanket symbolizing comfort and healing.

Morley Day School
Corporate body · [1875]-September 1, 1951-September 1, 1954 , April 1, 1969-September 1, 1986

Morley Day School was located on the Morley Reserve (now Stoney Reserve), Alberta. It was operated by the Methodist Society of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, after 1874 The Methodist Church of Canada and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. Department of Indian Affairs records indicate that in 1875 a school at "Morleyville (Bow River)" was operated and funded by the Wesleyan Methodist Society with 40 children enrolled. In 1880, the Indian agent noted that the “Bear’s Paw” [Bearspaw] and “Jacob” bands were on the north side of Bow River, while the “Chinique” [Chiniki] band was on the south side. By 1881, a “Parliamentary Appropriation” was granted to the day school. An 1881 Department report from the Stoney Reserve shows that the school had 20 girls and 23 boys. As the river divided the bands, children from the Bearspaw and Chiniki bands could not attend the school during summer. The missionary, Mr. McDougall, recommended that a separate schoolhouse be built for these bands. Children from the McDougall Orphanage also attended the day school at the mission. By 1886, a new day school was open on the south side of the Bow River, in the house of Chief Chiniquay. The second day school at South Camp was taught by Reverend E. R. Steinhauer, a missionary of The Methodist Church. By 1888, a new school building was under construction. Soon after, this day school would be referred to as “No. 2” while the school near the mission was called “No. 1.” As of 1896 almost 100 school-age children were registered at three schools, with the residential school, generally referred to as the “Orphanage,” having its own teacher. Despite discussions about possibly closing the two schools on the reserve, in 1897 the No. 1 Day School was renovated and repaired, and a new porch built. By 1899, most children on the reserve were sent to the McDougall Orphanage for classes and the two day schools were closed due to poor attendance. In January of 1902, the No. 1 Day School was reopened for children who could not attend the Orphanage. An inspection the following year referred to the school as “Morley, No. 1 (Bearspaw) Day School,” under The Methodist Church. After being closed for almost four years, in response to the closure of the McDougall Orphanage, in January 1909 a day school was opened on “Wesley’s band land” on the north side of the Bow River. By 1911, attendance was falling and it appears that the school was closed again for almost eight years, before reopening in 1920. During the 1920s and 30s, the school was open intermittently but attendance continued to decline. A Missionary Society publication noted that during 1924-1925 there were 34 Day pupils at the Morley Boarding School. By at least 1954, around 50-60 Day pupils attended classes at the Morley Residential School. Classes at the Morley RS contained a mix of day and residential pupils, with five teachers teaching Grades 1-8. Space in the United Church building was also rented for children in Grade 1. As some of the teachers were now hired and paid by the Department. By 1957, records show that a new, large four-room day school with an auditorium was operating on the reserve. The school was to be named “David Bearspaw Day School,” as requested by the Indian Council, and would be attended by both day and residential students. A Church-produced “Report on the Indian Work for 1960” indicated that policy was shifting to the integration of Indigenous children into public school systems at both the elementary and high school levels, which included bussing children to outside communities. The report also noted that Morley had about 180 children attending the day school in eight classrooms up to Grade 8. It was hoped that eventually the educational system at Morley would be entirely day school based. By 1963, the school had expanded to 10 teachers and 10 classrooms, with only a handful of children still living in residence. Correspondence from 1966 shows the day school consisted of three separate blocks: A “Senior School” as well as two “Junior Schools”. In 1968, the Morley Reserve was described as situated on the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, 30 miles west of Calgary and 30 miles east of Banff. By this time, the “Morley School” taught children from Kindergarten to Grade 7, while those in Grade 8 and higher attended schools off the reserve in the communities of Exshaw, Canmore, Springband and Calgary. Additional research is needed to determine when the day school closed, its general history and operation.

Morley Residential School
Corporate body · 1883–1908, 1922–1926, 1926–1969

The McDougall Orphanage was located in the Morleyville Settlement, on the north side of the Bow River, just east of the Stoney First Nation Reserve and approximately 64 kilometres west of Calgary, Alberta and the Morley Residential School was located on the Stoney First Nation Reserve on the south side of the Bow River, near Morley. The McDougall Orphanage and Training School was an orphanage and day school operated by the Woman's Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada with funding from the Department of Indian Affairs from 1883-1908, with school buildings on the north and south sides of the Bow River. The school briefly reopened in 1909, and closed again in 1910. In 1922 a temporary semi-residential school was set up by The Methodist Church, with government support until funds could be found for a permanent school. In 1926, the Morley Residential School, with a new residence was opened and operated by The United Church of Canada until its closure in 1969.

Mount Elgin Day School
Corporate body · 1946-1992

The Mount Elgin Day School was located near the River Thames on the Caradoc Reserve, near the town of Muncey, Ontario. It was operated by The United Church of Canada. The day school was opened after the closure of the Mount Elgin Residential School in 1946, and operated until 1992.

Corporate body · 1851–1862, 1867–1946

Mount Elgin Residential School was located on what is now the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, No. 42, in Muncey, 32 kilometres southwest of London, Ontario.  The land occupied by the school also bordered on the Oneida Nation of the Thames reserve from which it leased land.   With support from the Department of Indian Affairs, the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society operated the school from 1851-1862, and 1867-1874. In 1874 The Methodist Church of Canada took over operations. Then, in 1925 The United Church of Canada took over ownership until its closure in 1946.

Corporate body · 1900–1946, 1952–1965

Norway House Residential School was located in central Manitoba on approximately 40 acres of Norway House 17, at Rossville Village. The reserve is on the shores of Little Playgreen Lake, about 40 kilometres north of Lake Winnipeg. The school was operated as a day school and residential school by the Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada from 1900-1925, then transferred to the Board of Home Missions of The United Church of Canada from 1925-1946. In 1946 the school was destroyed by fire, and remained un-operational until it was rebuilt and opened in 1952. The residential school closed in 1965, but a day school remained operational on the site until June, 1967.

Oneida Day School
Corporate body · September 1, 1938-September 1, 1968

Oneida Day School was located in the township of Delaware, Middlesex County, Ontario. It was operated by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, after 1874 The Methodist Church of Canada and after 1925, The United Church of Canada. Wesleyan Methodist records from 1842 show there was a new day school for the Oneidas (part of the Six Nations at Grand River), and about 25 children were enrolled. During 1848-1849, the missionary noted that the Oneida Day School averaged around 33 children. Department of Indian Affairs records show a school at the “Oneidas on the Thames” in 1864 with a teacher paid for by the Wesleyan Missionary Board Fund. By 1874, the commissioner reported that there were now two or three schools “among the Oneidas being taught by native teachers of the bands.” At least one of these schools was supervised by the Wesleyan Methodist Church, while the Anglican Church managed the other(s). In 1878, one of the schools was moved to a new, frame schoolhouse, while a second schoolhouse was under construction. In 1882, a third schoolhouse on the Oneida Indian Reserve [now Oneida 41] was built and furnished by the band for children who could not conveniently attend the other two schools. In 1886, the Indian agent reported on School No. 1 at Oneida, which was “under the care of the resident Methodist missionary.” By 1887, Department ‘Statement of Day Schools’ records identified two Methodist-run day schools on the Oneida Reserve. The schools were referred to as “Oneida, No. 1,” and “Oneida, No. 3." Both schools had an average attendance of around 20 children and were funded by the “Indian School Fund” and the Methodist Missionary Society. In 1899, one of the three schools at Oneida closed and children were divided among the two remaining (this may have been The Methodist “No. 1 School” as 1899 is the last year it appears in ‘Statement of Day Schools’ records.) For the next decade the school was open but closed a few times due to various epidemics, and one of the schools' being used as a temporarily hospital. In 1912 the No. 3 School was being held in a new, brick building with a basement, furnace and teachers’ room. Thirty children attended the school. The Oneida Day School No. 3 was open during the 1920s and 30s with an average attendance of 20-30 children. Church records indicate that as of around 1967, there was still a school referred to as “Oneida No. 3” operating on the reserve, though Government records indicate all of the Oneida schools closed in 1968. Government records indicate The United Church of Canada was affiliated with Oneida No. 2 Day School, though there is little information about the school. Additional research is needed to learn more about the operation of the school(s) and their general history.

Corporate body · 1946-1965

The Ontario Council of Christian Education (O.C.C.E.) was an inter-church run organization for religious education in the province of Ontario with roots dating from the late nineteenth century. To provide background into the organizational history, cooperative Christian education was being organized at the provincial and local level in connection with national parent bodies. The Sunday School Association was the first cooperative organization on Christian education, originating in Quebec in 1836 and in every province by 1915. S.S.A. groups existed at the provincial, county, township, and city levels with conventions taking place annually at which time officers were elected. At the national level, the Canadian Council of Sunday School Associations, created in 1914, morphed into the Religious Education Council of Canada (ca. 1917) which also saw the formalization of denominational representation on local council groups and was established in every province by 1921. R.E.C.C. would operate under the umbrella of the Canadian Council of Churches (est. 1944) and become known as the Department of Christian Education in 1950.

For the province of Ontario, the Sabbath School Association of Canada was first established in 1865. This name would later change to the Sabbath School Association of Ontario in 1887. By 1903, the group underwent another slight name change as the Sunday School Association of Ontario. In 1914, the Ontario Advisory Committee for Cooperation in BoysÍ Work (later called Ontario BoysÍ Work Board) was formed and a year later the Ontario Advisory Committee for the Cooperation in GirlsÍ Work was also established. A few years later both these Committees would be more simply known as the Ontario Boys'/Girls' Work Boards (O.B.W.B., O.G.W.B.), respectively. These groups carried out religious education programming for children and youth, including Older BoysÍ Parliament and Canadian Girls In Training (C.G.I.T.). In 1919, the Sunday School Association of Ontario changed its name to the Ontario Religious Education Council (O.R.E.C.). In addition to Boys' and Girls' Work Boards, general programming for youngsters was under the direction of the Children's Work Board, that ran until 1963. O.R.E.C. changed its name a final time in 1946 to become the Ontario Council of Religious Education (O.C.C.E.). Established committees of the O.C.C.E. included Ministry with Older Youth, Research and Action in Cooperative Leadership Training, Rural Church in Ontario, Church and Public Education, and Church Camp/Leadership Training Committees. Formal reports released through O.C.C.E. committee work included the Brief to the Select Committee on Youth of the Ontario Legislature and Brief to the Aims and Objectives of the Public Education Committee of the [Ontario] Department of Education.

In the early 1960s, there was a shift away from cooperative programming as denominations increasingly administered their own GirlsÍ and BoysÍ work and, for instance, the joint supply depot of educational publications was discontinued. At the end 1965, the O.B.W.B. and O.G.W.B. of the O.C.C.E. were disbanded and local groups were left decide the future of their organization. At the provincial level, the O.B.W.B. became the Ontario BoysÍ Work Committee and the O.G.W.B. continued through the Ontario Provincial C.G.I.T. (C.G.I.T. also continued through the C.C.C.) with neither unit having any direct ties O.C.C.E. By 1967, the O.C.C.E. dissolved completely with denominations carrying out their own Christian education work.

Oxford House Day School
Corporate body · September 1, 1907-January 1, 1967

Oxford House Day School was located at Oxford House, Manitoba. It was operated by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, after 1874 The Methodist Church of Canada and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. Wesleyan Methodist records from 1854-1855 show that the missionary reported that it was not possible to start a school at Oxford House as fishing was very poor and families had to search for food to keep from starving. Despite this, it appears that a day school was soon opened for around 30 children. During the next twenty years, little is known about the school. A missionary report from 1882 noted an average attendance of almost 58. Department of Indian Affairs records state that as of 1913, the Oxford House Band had no reserve but lived on the shores of Oxford Lake, mostly in tents, a few houses and in winter camps. During the 1920s and 30s, the school was regularly open with an average attendance of between 10 and 30 children. It also appears to have been open during the 1940s. In 1954, Church correspondence mentioned two new Protestant schools—one at the former mission; the other, around the lake near the hospital. By 1957, there were plans for a third school at Oxford House and two teachers were requested. It is unclear which of these schools were affiliated with the United Church, but correspondence suggests that children were segregated on the basis of religion at the Oxford House Day School. By 1966, Oxford House was described as 150 miles east of Norway House with a church, a hall built in 1962 and “6 Protestant classrooms.” Government records suggest that the United Church-affiliated schools closed in 1962 and 1967. Additional research is needed to learn about the difference between the schools, their operations and general history.

Peters, Eunice, 1898-1991
Person · 1898-1991

Eunice Peters was a Methodist and United Church of Canada missionary to West China, 1923-1948. Peters was born on September 10, 1898 in Fredericton, New Brunswick. She was educated at the Provincial Normal School and taught in New Brunswick before attending the Methodist National Training School in Toronto. In 1923 she was appointed by the Women's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church to West China. She received language instruction at Fowchow and taught at the missionary school there until 1926. Records indicated that she was assigned to teach at schools in several different cities during her time in China: Kiating (1926-1928); Fowchow (1929-1930); Chungking (1930-1932); Junghsien (1932-1936); Chungking (1938-1941), where she also carried out urban social work; Chengtu (1941-1947), and finally Kiating (1948) where she was responsible for evangelistic work. Between 1944 and 1946 she studied at the Hartford Theological Seminary in Hartford, Connecticut, where she received a Bachelor of Religious Education. In 1948 she returned to Canada, where she was eventually posted to the Chinese United Church Mission in Victoria, British Columbia from 1952 to 1962. She formally retired to Victoria in 1964. Eunice Peters died on February 5, 1991 at the age of 92.

Port Essington Day School
Corporate body · December 1, 1885-August 31, 1947

Port Essington Day School was located in Port Essington, on the Skeena River in British Columbia. It was operated by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, then Methodist Church of Canada and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. As of 1887, the Port Essington Day School was under the auspices of the Wesleyan Church and received a grant from the Department of Indian Affairs. By 1892, the day school was referred to by the Department as a Methodist school, as it was “paid through the Methodist Society at Toronto.” In 1903, the Port Essington Day School was described as being situated on a “special reserve” adjoining the town of Port Essington, at the estuary of the Skeena River. By 1904, it was considered by the Department as one of best day schools in agency. This was likely because, compared to other day schools, the school at Port Essington remained open for most of the year—eleven months, with a month’s vacation in the fall. The school closed in 1911 due to a staffing issue, but reopened in 1912. Department ‘Statement of Day Schools’ records show it was open until at least 1941, with an average daily attendance of 10-20 children. Church records indicate that by the 1940s, the Church nominated or appointed teachers to the school. Other government records indicate it closed in 1947. Additional research is needed to determine the school's general history and information about its operation.

Port Simpson Day School
Corporate body · 1875-September 1, 1975

Port Simpson Day School was located at Port Simpson [Lax Kwa'aalms] approximately 25 miles from Prince Rupert, British Columbia. It was operated by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, then The Methodist Church of Canada and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. In 1874, the Department of Indian Affairs ‘Statement of Day Schools’ noted that a parliamentary grant was provided for a day school at “Fort Simpson,” which was opened on February 1, 1874 by the Wesleyans. Church records for the following year indicate that the missionary, Thomas Crosby, was working on “fixing up an old house for the use of the school,” paid for from his own means. In a report to the Methodist Society, he requested a teacher for the school. In 1879, the existing schoolhouse was described as “a miserable affair” and the Department was asked to help build a new one. Over the course of the next two years a new schoolhouse was built. During this time, the Church was also planning a “Girls’ Home” to board students from outside of Fort Simpson. A “Boys’ Home” to serve a similar purpose was constructed in 1891. By 1900, Department records indicate the day school was “under the supervision of The Methodist Church of Canada,” with the two teachers “paid by the Government through the Church.” The school building belonged to the Church and was equipped by the Department. By 1904 the Crosby Girls' Home and Crosby Boys' Homes had opened in Port Simpson, and the day school was attended by both the village children and children boarding at the schools. In 1907 a report was written on the missionary work at Port Simpson. In it, the day school was described as a “very good” building with two classrooms downstairs and an upstairs area used for church services. Children from the reserve and the boys from the boarding home were taught at the day school. By 1912, the school at Port Simpson was the largest day school under the control of The Methodist Church, with an enrolment of over 125 children. Little is known about it during the 1920s but Department records show it was consistently open with two teachers and an average attendance of 30-50 children. In 1937, Department officials planned to “rebuild” the day school with two classrooms and a room for domestic science. By May of 1938, the senior teacher reported that the new, large school building was completed and painted but had no “sanitary facilities” for the children. By 1940, there were plans to add a third classroom to the Port Simpson Day School. In 1947, it was reported that some children at the “Crosby Girls’ Residential School” attended the Port Simpson Day School. In May of 1951, arrangements were made to sell the Crosby Girls’ Home and it was hoped that the “village day schools [would be] accommodating the children.” By 1957, there were two day schools at Port Simpson – a three-room building with a large residence upstairs and also an older two-room school. As of 1968, it appears that there was still a Day School in operation at Port Simpson, and government records indicate it closed in 1975. Additional research is needed to learn more about it's general history and operations.

Corporate body · 1892-1948

Port Simpson Residential School was located in Port Simpson (Lax Kw’alaams), on the north coast of British Columbia, 40 kilometres north of Prince Rupert near the Tsimpshean Reserve. The Girls’ Home was operated by the Crosby family, and later the Woman's Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada from 1879-1925, and by the Board of Home Missions of The United Church of Canada from 1925-1948. The Boys’ Home, located on the southeast side of the village, was operated by the Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada from 1890-1914.

Corporate body · 1888–1960, 1961–1975

Portage La Prairie Residential School was first located one quarter mile east of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, but in 1915 the school moved to the shores of Crescent Lake, just southwest of the city. It was funded by the Government of Canada, and operated by the Women’s Foreign Missionary Society of The Presbyterian Church in Canada from 1888-1925, and by the Woman's Missionary Society of The United Church of Canada from 1925-1960. At various times it also operated as a day school, and from 1961-1975 it was operated as a student residence by The United Church of Canada.

Corporate body · 1893-1919

Red Deer Industrial Institute was located five kilometres west of Red Deer, Alberta, on 1120 acres on the banks of the Red Deer River. It was built by the Department of Indian Affairs, and operated from 1893-1919 by the Missionary Society of The Methodist Church of Canada.

Regina Residential School
Corporate body · 1891-1910

Regina Residential School was situated on the Wascana Creek banks, four miles northwest of the city of Regina. It was operated by the Foreign Missions Committee of the Presbyterian Church in Canada from 1891-1910.

Rossville Day School
Corporate body · September 1, 1875-September 1, 1957

Rossville Day School was located at Norway House, Manitoba. It was operated by the Missionary Society of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, after 1874 The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 The United Church of Canada. Rossville Mission was founded by the Wesleyan missionary James Evans in the fall of 1840, 2-3 miles north of Norway House. Along with some log buildings, a dwelling and a church, Evans also had a school built during that time. Little is known about the school for the next 15 years. Wesleyan Methodist records covering 1854-1855 show that during this time, there was a teacher and a building used as a schoolhouse at Rossville. In 1857, the missionary reported that the teacher was also learning Cree and involved in the domestic training of mothers and daughters. By this time, 101 children were enrolled at the day school with an average attendance of 45 to 50 students. Church records reported that the school was kept open the whole year, except for two weeks during the fall fishing season and for a short period during the annual goose hunt. By 1886, Department of Indian Affairs correspondence noted that there were “two schools in this reserve, a Government school on the Norway River and Methodist mission school at Rossville.” As of 1900, the Rossville Day School accepted both day pupils and children from the recently opened Norway House Residential School. For the next 30 years, little is known about the operation of Rossville Day School, but Department ‘Statement of Day Schools’ records show it remained open with an average attendance of 10-20 children. In 1934, Church officials recommended the amalgamation of teaching duties at the Norway House Residential School and Norway House Day School (this is likely an alternative name for the Rossville Day School). By 1955, plans were in place to build more day schools on the reserve but until they were completed, officials noted that the residential school gymnasium and “outside class-room” would continue to be used as day school spaces. In 1957, classes at the Norway House Residential School were amalgamated with the neighbouring day school into a 12-classroom system with an enrolment of over 360 children; (it is unclear if the day school being referred to in these documents is the Rossville Day School.) Government records suggest the Rossville Day School closed in 1957, though it is unclear whether this means it changed administrative hands or denominations there are still records referring to Rossville Day School. By 1959, it appears that both institutions were managed by the same principal. Records show there were four day school teachers and 110 children at the three-room day school. Another 30 children were enrolled at the “Playgreen School.” In March of 1965, there were 212 day pupils at Norway House. Due to overcrowding, a Church committee recommended that the Norway House Residential School be closed as soon as possible and the Home Mission Board negotiate with the government to have it “converted into classroom space and integrated into the day school program at Norway House.” It appears that from this point the day school was administered by the Federal Government and received children from any denomination. Further research is required to confirm the closure date of Rossville Day School, it's general history and operation.

Corporate body · 1887–1950

Round Lake Residential School was located at the east end of Round Lake, Saskatchewan, on the north side of the Qu’Appelle River, across the river from Ochapowace First Nation and about 200 kilometres east of Regina. It opened in 1887 was managed by the Foreign Missionary Society of The Presbyterian Church in Canada. In 1925 management transferred to The United Church of Canada until its closure in 1950.

Saddle Lake Day School
Corporate body · 1881-April 30, 1924, June 1, 1949-September 1, 1981

Saddle Lake Day School was located on Saddle Lake 125, Alberta. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada and after 1925, The United Church of Canada. Department of Indian Affairs records indicate that in 1887 The Methodist Church purchased former Anglican mission buildings at Saddle Lake with plans to move them to the western boundary of the reserve and immediately open a day school for the Saddle Lake (Thomas Hunter’s) and Blue Quill Bands. The school was funded by a Department grant, and opened in January 1888. It closed due to low attendance during the 1904-1905 school year. In 1908, 10 acres were set aside north of Saddle Lake for a new church, parsonage and schoolhouse but it is unclear whether a new school was constructed. Although the inspector’s report from 1909 reported that the school building at Saddle Lake was unfit for use, the Department did not wish to build a new schoolhouse as they were uncertain of where the band would permanently locate. Consequently, classes were held in the old mission building. By 1911, the kitchen of the old mission building was being used as a classroom even though it was poorly furnished and unsuitable. It is unclear what became of the old schoolhouse owned by the Department. In 1916, the agent reported that “an Indian house is now being used as a school building,” but due to poor attendance little progress was made. Little is known about the school after 1925. By the 1960s, children at Saddle Lake were integrated into public schools. Additional research is needed obtain more information about the school and to determine when it closed.

Saugeen Village Day School
Corporate body · [1829]-1868-1869-June 30, 1974

Saugeen Village Day School was located on the Saugeen 29 Reserve near Chippewas, Ontario. It was operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Canada, after 1833 the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada, after 1874 The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925 The United Church of Canada . A Methodist Episcopal missionary report showed that by 1831, a schoolhouse was established “among the Indians of Sah-Geeng” [Saugeen] with 25 to 30 children. It was regularly open during the 1840s and 50s. In 1865, the school had an average daily attendance of 10, while 11 children were off the reserve hunting with their parents. During this time, a separate day school opened at nearby French Bay, five miles from the "Saugeen Village School". The teacher at French Bay was also appointed by the Wesleyan Society but the salary was paid from band funds. In 1882, the Indian agent advised that two schoolhouses were being built on the reserve—one at French Bay, the second in a central part of the reserve, both with houses for a teacher. The following year, the agent reported that there were now three schools operating on the reserve; French Bay, Scotch Settlement and Saugeen Indian Village. By 1894, a new schoolhouse that could hold 50 students had been completed in the village. The Department ‘Statement of Day Schools’ for 1897 identified the Saugeen Day School as “Undenominational.” It is unclear if the Methodist Missionary Society changed its relationship with the school at this time. The Society may have continued to be involved in the selection of teachers for the day school after 1897, as correspondence from 1908 onwards shows Church officials regularly communicated with the Department regarding issues at the school such teacher pay, qualifications and appointments. The day school closed in 1974. Further research is needed to learn more about its operations and general history.

Skidegate Day School
Corporate body · 1894-August 1, 1965

Skidegate Day School was located at Skidegate, British Columbia on Graham Island. It was operated by The Methodist Church of Canada, and after 1925, The United Church of Canada . The Department of Indian Affairs ‘Statement of Day Schools’ first mentions a day school at Skidegate in 1896. An 1897 report indicates that the school was open for at least half the year, and then closed during the canning season, although it is suggested then and in 1916 that the teachers may have followed the Indigenous to the canneries to continue education. By 1909, the schoolhouse at Skidegate was in a state of disrepair and the inspector warned that a new building was badly needed. Records from 1911 indicate that the former Methodist church building was being used as the new school building. For much of its history, it appears that Grades 1-7 were taught there, with an average daily attendance of 10-40 children. Little is known about the school during the 1920s and 30s, but it appears it was open during this period with an average daily attendance of 20-40 children. Church records indicate an “Indian School” was operating at Skidegate during at least May of 1941. By the late 1950s, enrolment at the day school had grown to a point where two teachers were needed. One of the teachers was a Woman’s Missionary Society deaconess. Both teachers lived in a residence next to the school. Government records suggest the school closed in 1965. More research is required to learn about the school's general history and operations.